Apple cider vinegar (ACV) has surged in popularity as a health remedy, but its acidic nature carries potential side effects that consumers should be aware of. While often touted for benefits like blood sugar control, its unmitigated use can trigger unpleasant and even harmful reactions.
Digestive Distress: Burning and Slowed Digestion
ACV’s high acidity (pH of 4.2) can irritate the throat and stomach lining, causing a burning sensation similar to heartburn. The issue isn’t just discomfort: ACV slows stomach emptying, meaning food lingers longer. For some, this leads to bloating and discomfort. For those with diabetes, this can lower blood sugar levels post-meal, but also carries risks if not carefully managed.
To mitigate this, dilution is key. Mixing ACV with water reduces the immediate acidic shock.
Acid Reflux and Tooth Decay: The Corrosive Effects
The same acidity that slows digestion can worsen acid reflux by relaxing the esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach contents to creep upward. Drinking ACV on an empty stomach dramatically increases this risk, especially in individuals prone to digestive issues.
Beyond the stomach, ACV erodes tooth enamel. A 2022 study demonstrated that prolonged exposure to ACV caused significant mineral loss in extracted teeth – comparable to soda. While realistic consumption differs from days-long submersion in lab conditions, moderation is still essential. Rinsing your mouth with water after consumption can help neutralize acid.
Skin, Liver, and Mineral Imbalances: Less Common, but Serious Risks
While rare, ACV can cause skin irritation if applied directly as a treatment for acne (despite its antibacterial properties). More seriously, excessive or prolonged use may lead to liver damage. An isolated case study revealed that long-term, high-dose ACV consumption resulted in low potassium levels and bone loss in a 28-year-old. The body may leach minerals from bones to balance acidity.
Drug Interactions: A Potential Complication
ACV’s effect on stomach acidity and emptying can alter how certain medications are absorbed. This is especially relevant for diabetes medications (where ACV’s blood sugar-lowering effects could lead to hypoglycemia) and diuretics (which also lower potassium – compounding the risk).
While direct interactions haven’t been conclusively studied, the physiological effects of ACV suggest caution when combined with oral medications.
Bottom Line: Apple cider vinegar isn’t inherently dangerous, but it demands respect. Moderation, dilution, and awareness of its acidic nature are vital for avoiding unwanted side effects.
